Since there is no cure for glaucoma, and many types cannot be detected since symptoms do not appear until damage has already occurred; seniors need to receive regular testing in order to diagnose glaucoma. Eye tests should be administered every year, or 2 times per year for those that are at a higher risk for eye diseases.

During routine eye exams, one of the main methods that eye specialists use to diagnose glaucoma is by numbing the eye and using an instrument called a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure by pressing it against the surface of the eye. Normal IOP should measure around 20 mmHg (millimeters of mercury), and an abnormally high reading indicates a problem with the flow of aqueous fluid

Damage to the optic nerve can be detected using imaging that allows medical professionals to view the eye’s internal structures and the optic nerve itself as a result of the high aqueous pressure. Prescription eye drops can be used to keep IOP to a minimum to prevent further progression of the disease.

A visual field test is a standard eyesight test with tests for blind spots, peripheral vision and overall sight. It involves staring into a machine and clicking a button every time a blinking light is visible. An eye doctor may use this test or ultrasound biomicroscopy to measure the flow of aqueous fluid in the eye, and monitor how eye changes are occurring as a result of the glaucoma.

Testing not only allows a proper diagnosis of the disease, but it also ensures that appropriate treatment can be provided to the senior to help them retain their eyesight and their lifestyle.

Source: http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/glaucoma.htm